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the sea-fight

Толкование Перевод

1 περί

περί, Thess., Delph. περ IG9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., Schwyzer 323 A4 (v/iv B.C.), also [dialect] Aeol., v. infr. A. V ; Elean παρ ib.413.4: Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.:—

A round about, all round (prop. different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Skt. pári 'round about'.)

A WITH GENITIVE,

I of Place, sts. in Poets, round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς Od.5.68
; τείχη π. Δαρδανίας E. Tr. 818
(lyr., s.v.l.); εἴλυμα π. χροός A.R.2.1129
: rarely, like ἀμφί, on both sides, v. περιβαίνω 1 fin.

2 about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα IG14.2508
([place name] Nemausus).

II to denote the object about or for which one does something:

1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, Il.23.659 ; π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265
; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ib. 195, cf. 17.120; π. σεῖο 3.137
; π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416
; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, Od.9.423 ; π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161
; π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο Od.22.245
; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdt.7.57,9.37; ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν Id.8.102
; νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν Ar. Ra. 191
; <τὸν> π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες Hdt.8.74
; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός ibid., etc.; οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι X.HG7.1.7
; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί Th.1.122
; π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών X.Cyr. 3.3.44
, cf. S.Aj. 936(lyr.), etc.; μάχη π. τινός Pl.Tht. 179d
; ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης Il.23.437
, cf. 639, Hdt.8.26 ; πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι Pi.N.9.29
; π. θανάτου φεύγειν Antipho 5.95
; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, Il.15.284 ; καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων Od.8.225
, cf. 24.515.

2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of, π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν Il.20.17
; ἄχος π. τινός Od.21.249
; φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234
; φροντίζειν π. τινός Hdt.8.36
, etc.; κήδεσθαι π. τ. S.Ph. 621
; δεδιέναι π. τ. Pl.Prt. 320a
, etc.; ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. X.Cyr.2.2.13
; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., Pi.N.5.40, Antipho 5.96; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, IG12.57.42, X.HG2.3.50, Lycurg.11 ; βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας Isoc.5.69
; π. Μεθωναίων IG12.57.49
; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, Pl.Phdr. 270d, Phd. 65e; μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. Hdt.8.36
, cf. S.Tr.77 ; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σοι; so with you it is a question of drink? Ar.Eq.87, cf. Plu.2.43b.

3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα Od.19.270
; οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563
; π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191
; π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135
, 3.77 ; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., Hdt. 1.5, S.OT 707, X.Cyr.1.6.13, etc.; λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου Th.4.22
, etc.; λόγος π. τινός Pl.Prt. 347b
, etc.; ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη Aeschin.1.48
; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, S.El. 1111, Ant. 193 ; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, Isoc.9.2, Pl.Plt. 274b, Euthphr.6c, etc.; παίζειν π. τινός X.Mem.1.3.8
; ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός Aeschin.1.82
; νόμον γράψαι π. τινός X.HG2.3.52
, etc.; νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός S.Ant. 214
.

4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.

5 about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός Th.6.53
; οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου Hdt.1.117
; τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα Th.2.6
; τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός Plb.1.54.5
: in Prose freq. without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις Th.6.88
; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., ib.32, 8.14,26, etc. (cf. infr. C. 1.5); οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (sc. ἔχει) Pl.Men. 72c, cf. R. 534b, 551c, etc.; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, PMich.Zen.28.5 (iii B.C.): without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ πέρι as to number, Hdt.7.102; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι .. Id.2.54.

III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in [dialect] Ep., π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.1.287
; π. δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375
; τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38
; ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325
; ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304
; π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν Od.7.108
; κρατερὸς π. πάντων Il.21.566
, cf. 1.417, Od.11.216: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων in understanding to be beyond them, Il.17.171, cf. 1.258, Od.1.66 ; π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν Il.17.279
; π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214
; π. δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289
, cf. Pi.O.6.50, Theoc. 25.119.—In this sense π. is sts. adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II.

IV in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, Hdt.1. 120, cf. Antipho 6.3 ; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, Hdt.1.73, X.Mem.2.3.10, etc.; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, Id.An.7.7.44, Cyr.7.5.60 ; π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι Th.2.89
; π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.1.4.1
; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, Lys.2.71,31.31.

V [dialect] Aeol. περί and περ = ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα Sapph.1.10; περ κεφάλας prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18 ; περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι Theoc.29.25
; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ57.12 (ii B. C.).

B WITH DATIVE (in [dialect] Att. Prose mostly in signf. 11, esp. in Th.),

I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα Il.10.21
; χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν Od.15.60
; δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ Il.13.241
; ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν Od.24.467
; κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε Il.11.17
; βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401
: in Prose, π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας Hdt.7.61
; θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.2.13
; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί ib.1.3.2. ; π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα Pl.R. 359e
, etc.; χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι Il.13.245
; χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416
; πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648
; in other relations, π. δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, 2.389 ; δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95
; κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317
; π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598
; μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453
: rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς A.Eu. 259
(lyr.); κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ S.Ant. 1240
.

2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη Il.21.577
; ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441
; κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86
; π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570
; πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει S.Aj. 828
; αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί Il.1.303
.

3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ 17.4
; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι ib. 133 ; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει ib. 137, cf. 355 ; π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς Ar.Eq. 1039
.

II of an object for or about which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1), π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι Od.17.471
; μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245
; π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος Il.16.568
; ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον Tyrt.10.2
; π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν Pl.Prt. 314a
; π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών Th.6.34
codd.; κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ Antipho 5.6
.

2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2), π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι Il.5.566
; ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240
, cf. 11.557; δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ Th.1.60
, cf. 74, 119, Ar.Eq.27; θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ Pl.Phd. 114d
, cf. Tht. 148c; π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ Theoc.1.54
.

3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183; μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς Hdt.9.101
; π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι Th.6.33
; π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι Id.1.69
: in Poets, π. δείματι for fear, Pi.P.5.58 ; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers. 696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.); π. χάρματι h.Cer. 429
:—but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50.

C WITH ACCUSATIVE,

I of Place, prop. of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.11.42 ; π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους Il.23.13
; π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162
; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν ib. 173, 230 ; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα 24.16
, cf. 51, etc.; π. φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή 10.139
; π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362
: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.; λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ Il.8.519
; μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256
, etc.; φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303
; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί' ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750; σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25
, cf. Od.18.67: in Prose, ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε IG12.371.22
; φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι X.An. 5.1.9
; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, Pl.Phdr. 259a, cf. X.Cyr. 1.2.9; εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ Id.Cyn.4.4
; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, Ar.Ach. 1180; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, D.2.10; ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας Th.7.23
; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, Hdt.7.103 ; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., Antipho 4.4.2 : freq. with a Subst. only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, X.HG2.3.32 ; οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον Pl.Tht. 179e
; στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον IG12.324.18
: strengthd., π. τ' ἀμφί τε τάφρον Il.17.760
; π. τ' ἀμφί τε κύματα Hes.Th. 848
; cf. ἀμφί c. 1.2.

2 of persons who are about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν X.HG5.3.22
; esp. οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις Th.8.63
; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, Pl.Cra. 440c, cf. X.An.1.5.8, etc.; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Id.HG5.4.2, cf. An.2.4.2, etc.; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3.

3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, Il.24.444, Od.4.624 (but π. τεύχε' ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, Il.15.555); later mostly εἶναι π. τι, Th.7.31, X.HG2.2.4; γενέσθαι Isoc.3.12
; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett. Val.17.20; ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν D.48.6
; διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν X.Cyr.1.2.11
, etc.: less freq. ἔχειν π. τινάς Id.HG7.4.28
, Gal.15.442; in periphr. phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, Isoc.12.35 ; οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες Id.9.8
; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν ib.4 ; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς ministers of the mysteries, Pl.Phd. 69c ; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, X. Eq.6.3; cf. ἀμφί C. 1.6.

4 round or about a place, and so in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι Od.4.368
, cf. 90; ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439
; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, Pi.P.4.122 ; χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον Hdt.3.61
, cf. 7.131; εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους Pl.R. 544d
, etc.; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι Plb.5.24.12
, etc.

5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, Hdt.3.13, 6.26 ; εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς Pl.Smp. 193a
; ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους X.Cyr.5.2.10
; ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς Id.An.3.2.20
; ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.59.10
; ἄνδρ' ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν Ar.Ach. 696
; τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα Lys.10.21
; οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν Hdt.8.102
; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, Id.1.158, Pl.Grg. 507a; τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα Hdt.3.76
; καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα Pl. Euthphr.3b
; π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν X.Mem.1.1.20
; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί X.Cyr.7.2.20
; ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια Isoc.9.2
; ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις Pl.Phdr. 246b
: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει Hdt.2.93
, cf. 8.86; πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα Pl.Prt. 313d
; ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα Aeschin.1.42
; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς ib.126 ; ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον Th.8.84
; as to (cf. A. 11.5), π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος Pl.Tht. 179c
, cf. Phd. 65a : freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R. 370d ; οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους Id.Cri. 50d
; αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί Id.Phlb. 51e
; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., Id.Phdr. 279a; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., X.HG5.4.2 ; ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν Arist.EN 1149b19
: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίας ) the events of.., Id.8.63; τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 468a
; τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα Id.Phdr. 246d
; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς X.Cyr.8.1.23
, etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4.

II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, Hdt.7.215; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, X.An.1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν ib.2.1.7; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς ib.6.5.32 ; π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Th.3.89
, etc.

2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Id.1.54; π. ἑπτακοσίους X.HG2.4.5
, etc.

D Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι Il.22.173
; ἔριδος πέρι 16.476
: most freq. with gen., τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι A.Eu. 630
; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι Id.Th. 248
, etc. (S. only once uses it before its gen., Aj. 150 (anap.)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι Hdt.8.36
; σοφίας πέρι Pl.Phlb. 49a
; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων Id.Grg. 455a
, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι Id.Lg. 809e
, cf. Ap. 19c.

E περί abs., as ADV., around, about, also, near, by, freq. in Hom., γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών Il.19.362
, al.: strengthd.,
περί τ' ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο
round about, h.Cer.276
, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.13.

II before or above others (cf. A. 111), exceedingly, only [dialect] Ep., in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί Il.8.161
, cf. 9.53; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι ib. 100; τοι πέρι δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα 13.727
; ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη Od.2.116
, cf. 7.110; πέρι γάρ μιν ὀϊζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ 3.95
; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88
; τὸν πέρι Μοῦσ' ἐφίλησεν 8.63
.

2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the [dialect] Ep. phrase π. κῆρι right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε Il.13.430
, etc. ( κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117); ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53
; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο ib.46, cf. Od.5.36, 7.69; π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη Il.13.206
; also π. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157
; π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη Od.14.433
; ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ Il.22.70
, cf. Od.14.146; π. σθένεϊ Il.17.22
.

3 for περὶ πρό, v. περιπρό.

4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος Stratt.34
, cf. Phot.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω Ael.NA9.34
.

F IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.

I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.

II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.

III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω v, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.

IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat. per-.

V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιος (q.v.).

G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. ( περ' ἰγνύσι h.Merc. 152
); once in Hes., περίαχε Th. 678
(cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.; περ' ἰγνύῃσι Theoc.25.242
; περ' Ἠδάλιον Inscr.Cypr. 135.27
H.; also in Pi., περάπτων P.3.52
; περόδοις N.11.40
; περιδαῖος Fr. 154
; περ' αὐτᾶς P.4.265
; ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθας O.6.38
: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag. 1147, Eu. 634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo) (q. v.):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq. 1005 sq.:—[dialect] Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περί
2 ἐκ

ἐκ, before a vowel [full] ἐξ, also

A ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ Inscr.Cypr. 135.5
H., in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἐς Leg.Gort.2.49, Corinn.Supp.2.67 ; ἐχ freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, IG12.304.20) ; also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib.9(1).334.8 ([dialect] Locr.) ; (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)):—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr.135.5 H. ([place name] Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)):—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.

I OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified:

1 of Motion, out of, forth from, ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il.1.269
, cf.Pl.Prt. 321c, etc. ; μάχης ἔκ Il.17.207
; ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288
; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77 ; φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119
; ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν X.Cyr.6.2.9
; ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il.9.344
, cf. S.Ph. 1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X.An.3.3.15, Cyr.4.3.16 ; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.) ; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib.5.3.3 ; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com.190
.

2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.9.343 ; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X.Oec.10.4
; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A.Ag.48
(anap.) ; δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.Th. 919
(anap.) ; οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S.El. 344
; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id.OC 486 ; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός Id.OT 528
; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id.El. 742 ; ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id.Tr. 875
; ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id.Ph.91
.

3 to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il.19.290 ; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S.Tr.28
; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph. 224b, Plt. 289e ; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D.18.313
; πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr.1.8
; ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.El. 291
; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id.Ant. 437
: hence, instead of, τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id.OT 454
; λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id.Ant. 1093
; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς D.18.131
, cf. X. An.7.7.28, etc.

4 to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il.15.680 ; μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι Hdt.5.87
; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl.Grg. 525e ; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432 ; ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96
, cf. S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc. ; redundant, εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου LXX Jd.15.2
.

5 of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il.14.130, etc. ; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.19.7 ; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from one's country, 15.272 ; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down apart from the company, Hdt.3.83 ; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id.5.24 ; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S.OC 113.

6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il.5.4 ; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body in the river ( with water from the river), Od.6.224 : freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il.8.19 ; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od.8.67 ; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51 ; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il.18.598
; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S.Aj. 1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [ by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.5.12 : with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th.1.84 ; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr.7.2 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib.6.2 ; ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc.Asin.23
: with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13 ; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap. 32b ; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D.18.169 ; ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Cyr.7.2.5
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id.An. 4.6.25
: even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154 ; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S.Ant. 411 ; στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E.Ph. 1009
; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc.22.40 : phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X.Cyr.8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib.7.1.20 ; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D.18.301.

7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory over.., Apoc.15.2.

II OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [ χρόνου] since, Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il.8.296 ; ἐκ τούτου X.An.5.8.15
, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il.1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X.Mem.2.9.4, S.OT 235) ; ἐξ ἐκείνου Th.2.15
; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id.1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id.8.45
; ἐκ πλείστου ib.68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu.Caes.28) ; ἐκ παλαιοῦ X.Mem.3.5.8
; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th.1.18
.

2 of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86
; ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535
; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl.Grg. 510d, R. 374c, etc.; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D.53.19
; ἐξ ἀρχῆς A.Eu. 284
, etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il.5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365 ; ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα Hdt.1.87
; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X.An.4.6.21 ; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120 ; γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων X.Cyr.1.4.28
; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος A.Ag. 900
; τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι Thphr.Char.3.3
; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic.20.

3 at, in, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.12.286
; ἐκ νυκτός X.Cyr.1.4.2
, etc.; ἐξ ἡμέρας S.El. 780
; ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc.10.5
; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X.Smp.4.56, Pl.Lg. 709e.

III OF ORIGIN,

1 of Material, out of or of which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm.8.12
; ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.1.194
; πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A.Supp. 953
; εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl.R. 616c
; ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc.15.123
; στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X.Smp.8.32
; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id.An.1.8.14.

2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896 ; σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111
; ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S.Ph. 260
; πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος Hdt.2.143
; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl.Phdr. 246a
; τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S.Ant. 466
, etc.

3 of Place of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od.15.425
, cf. Th.1.25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί Ev.Jo.8.23
; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist.Ath.4.4, etc. ; οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin.1.54
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc.Pisc.43 ; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath.1.34b ; οἱ ἐκ πίστεως Ep.Gal.3.7
; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας Ep.Rom.2.8
.

4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, A.Pers. 707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.16.447 ; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.2.148 ; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot.6.1.21 ; ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A.Eu. 331
(lyr.) ; ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S.Ant.95
; ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id.Tr. 631
.

5 with the agent after [voice] Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e.by) Zeus, Il.2.669 ; κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70; προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος Hdt.3.62
; τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id.7.175
, cf. S.El. 124 (lyr.), Ant.93, Th.3.69, Pl.Ti. 47b; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id.Tht. 171b
; ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X.An.2.6.1
; τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας S.Ph. 1316
, cf. Pl.Ly. 204c : with neut. Verbs, ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od.2.134
, cf. A.Pr. 759 ; τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il.5.384
; θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S.El. 579
, OT 854, etc.; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt.1.1
.

6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197 ; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135
; ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111
; τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος Hdt.3.29
; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr. 548 ; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id.Hel.93 ; λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. An.5.8.4
; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc.16.9 ; ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. HG3.2.11
codd.; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc.15.152
; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν S.Ph. 710
(lyr.).

7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν λογίων Hdt.1.64
; ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D.24.28
; ἐκ κελεύματος A. Pers. 397
, cf. Sophr.25 ; ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th.5.25
; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib.40, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι X.Cyr.2.2.21
, cf. A.Pr. 485.

8 freq. as periphr. for Adv., ἐκ προνοίας IG12.115.11
; ἐκ βίας by force, S.Ph. 563 ; ἐκ δόλου Id.El. 279
; ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl.R. 499a
: esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il.24.352 ; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος Hdt.3.150
; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th.4.106, 6.73 ; ἐκ προδήλου S.El. 1429
; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id.Tr. 485, Th.2.3 ; ἐξ ἀέλπτου Hdt.1.111
, etc.: with fem. Adj., ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id.3.127
; ἐκ νέης Id.5.116
; ἐξ ὑστέρης Id.6.85
; ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id.8.6
; ἐκ καινῆς Th.3.92
; ἐξ ἑκουσίας S.Tr. 727
; ἐκ ταχείας ib. 395.

9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E.Or. 1178, Pl.Grg. 500a, Smp. 213b ; distributively, apiece, Ath.15.671b.

b of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν SIG2587.206
; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib.283 ; συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου Ev.Matt.20.2
.

c of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου Inscr.Prien.362
(iv B.C.).

d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων by the space of twenty stades, Str.8.3.19.

B ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—[dialect] Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304 ; ἐκ Διόθεν Hes.Op. 765
; ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc.22.11
.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.

C IN COMPOS. the sense of removal prevails ; out, away, off.

2 to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.

D As ADVERB, therefrom, Il.18.480.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκ
3 αἴτιος

αἴτι-ος, α, ον, more rarely ος, ον Ar.Pl. 547: (v. αἰτία):—

A culpable, responsible, ἐπεὶ οὔ τί μοι αἴτιοί εἰσιν Il.1.153
, cf. B.10.34, Hdt.7.214: [comp] Comp. αἰτιώτερος Th.4.20
: [comp] Sup., τοὺς αἰτιωτάτους the most guilty, Hdt.6.50; αἰ. τινος Id.3.52
.

2 Subst., αἴτιος, ὁ, the accused, the culprit, A.Ch.70, etc.; οἱ αἴ. τοῦ πατρός they who have sinned against my father, ib. 273:—c. gen. rei, οἱ αἴ. τοῦ φόνου ib. 117, cf. S.Ph. 590, Hdt.4.200.

II responsible for, c. gen. rei, Hdt.1.1, etc. ; αἴτιός τινός τινι being the cause of a thing to a person, Lys.13.57, cf. D.23.54, Isoc.8.100: c. inf., αἴ. τὸν ἠέρα ξηρὸν εἶναι Hdt.2.26
; τοῦ μὴ φαλακροῦσθαι Id.3.12
, etc.; αἴ. θανεῖν S.Ant. 1173
; αἰ. πεμφθῆναι ἄγγελον Antipho 5.23
, cf. Lys.13.82; αἴτιος τὸ σὲ ἀποκρίνασθαι Pl.La. 190e
: [comp] Comp., τοῦ.. ἐλευθέραν εἶναι.. αἰτιώτερον D.24.5
, cf. 51.21: [comp] Sup. αἰτιώτατος, ἐν τῷ στενῷ ναυμαχῆσαι mainly instrumental in causing the sea-fight, Th.1.74; αἰ. τοῦ μὴ ἀποθανεῖν D.20.42
; - ώτατόν τι καὶ τελέως δραστικόν Phld.D.1.23
.

2 αἴτιον, τό, cause, Hp.VM6 (pl.), 21, Hdt.7.125, E.IA 939, Th.4.26, etc.; τί ποτ' οὖν ἐστι τὸ αἴτιον τό.. μηδένα εἰπεῖν; D.8.56; freq. in Philos., τὸ δ' αἴ. τούτου εἶναι ὅτι.. Pl.Phd. 11o
e, etc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἴτιος
4 συναπονεύω

συναπο-νεύω,

A sway together, τοῖς σώμασιν αὐτοῖς ἴσα τῇ δόξῃ.. ξυναπονεύοντες swerving with their bodies in sympathy with their thought, of the spectators of the sea-fight at Syracuse, Th.7.71; swerve from the upright position together, Plu.2.780a; bend away so as to meet, ταῖς τοῦ ἰούλου ἀρχαῖς Philostr.Jun.Im.14
, cf. Poll.4.95.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συναπονεύω
5 παραβολή

παραβολ-ή, ἡ,

A juxtaposition, comparison, τῶν βίων Pl.Phlb. 33b
; π. καὶ σύγκρισις Plb.1.2.2
; ἐν παραβολῇ by juxtaposition, Arist.Top. 104a28, cf. 157a14; ἐκ παραβολῆς Id.Rh. 1420a4
.

2 comparison, illustration, analogy, τὴν π. ἀπρεπῆ πεποιῆσθαι Isoc.12.227
; π. δὲ τὰ Σωκρατικά (distd. from λόγος, apologue) Arist.Rh. 1393b3; ἐκ τῶν θηρίων ποιεῖσθαι τὴν π. Id.Pol. 1264b4
.

3 NT, parable, Ev.Marc.12.1, al.; type, Ep. Hebr.9.9, 11.19.

4 by-word, proverb, LXX Ez.18.2, Ev.Luc.4.23; in bad sense, εἰς π. ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι LXX Ps.43(44).14
, cf. Wi.5.3.

5 objection to an argument, Phld.Rh.1.5 S.

II moving side by side, ἐκ παραβολῆς [νεῶν] μάχεσθαι to fight a sea-fight broadside to broadside, Plb.15.2.13, cf. D.S.14.60.

III sidelong direction, obliquity, διὰ πολλῶν ἑλιγμῶν καὶ π. Plu.Arat.22
.

IV venture, D.S.27.17, v.l. in Th.1.131.

V Astron., conjunction, παραβολαὶ ἀλλήλων Pl.Ti. 40c
, cf. Procl. in Ti.3.146 D., Plot.3.1.5, Iamb.Myst.9.4: also f.l. for περιβολή, τοῦ ἡλίου Max.Tyr.17.9.

VI Math., division, opp. multiplication, Dioph.4.22; quotient, ib.10: hence, section produced by division of a line, Nicom.Ar.2.27.

VII Geom., application, π. τῶν χωρίων Pythag.
ap. Procl.in Euc.p.419 F.; τὰ ἐκ τῆς π. γενηθέντα σημεῖα, of the foci of an ellipse or hyperbola, points found by application of an area to the axis, Apollon.Perg.Con.3.45, cf. 48.

2 parabola, because the square on the ordinate is equal to a rectangle whose height is equal to the abscissa applied to the parameter, ib.1.11.

VIII = παράβολον (v. παράβολος III. 1), Arist.Oec. 1348b13 (vv. ll. παράβολον, -βόλιον), OGI41.5 (Samos, iii B. C., pl.). PPetr.3p.232 (iii B. C., pl.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραβολή
6 ἀνέχω

ἀνέχω, [tense] impf. ἀνεῖχον: also [full] ἀνίσχω, [tense] impf. ἀνῖσχον: [tense] fut.

A ἀνέξω Archil. 82
, Luc.Hist.Conscr.4(s. v l.), also ἀνασχήσω Hdt.5.106
,7.14, E.IA 732: [tense] aor. ἀνέσχον 11.17.310
, etc.; poet. ἀνέσχεθον ib.10.461, E. Med. 1027, [dialect] Ep. inf. ἀνσχεθέειν Od.5.320
: [tense] pf. ἀνέσχηκα S.E.M.7.190
, Phalar.Ep. 105:—[voice] Med. [full] ἀνέχομαι: [tense] impf. ἠνειχόμην (with double augm.) A.Ag. 905, S.Ph. 411, Th.1.77, etc.: [tense] fut. ἀνέξομαι 11.5.895
, S.El. 1028, D.18.160, etc.; also ἀνασχήσομαι A.Th. 252
, Ar.Ach. 299, [dialect] Ep. inf. ἀνσχήσεσθαι 11.5.104
: [tense] aor. ἀνεσχόμην 18.430
, A.Ch. 747 codd., E.Hipp. 687 (where ἠνέσχου is contra metr.); more freq. with double augm. ἠνεσχόμην Hdt.5.48
, A.Ag. 1274; and [dialect] Att., as Ar.Nu. 1363, Th.3.28, Lys.3.3, etc.; sync. ἠνσχόμην S.Ant. 467
; [ per.] 2sg. imper. ἄνσχεο (v. infr. c. 11):—[voice] Pass., D.H.3.55, LXX 4 Ma.1.35.

A trans., hold up, lift up, χεῖρας ἀνέσχον held up their hands in fight (v. infr. c.1), Od.18.89 (later of pugilists, hold up the hands in token of defeat, Theoc.22.129):—freq. lift up the hands in prayer, θεοῖσι δὲ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον 11.3.318
, cf. 1.450, Archil.82, etc.; so ἄνακτι εὐχὰς ἀ. offer prayers, perhaps with uplifted hands, S.El. 636; ἄνεχε χέρας, ἄνεχε λόγον E.El. 592
; also ἀ. τὴν χεῖρα offer the hand (to shake), Theopomp.Com.82 (dub.).

2 lift up as an offering, τάγ' Ἀθηναίῃ ληΐτιδι.. ὑψόσ' ἀνέσχεθε χειρί 11.10.461
; as a testimony, σκῆπτρον ἀ. πᾶσι θεοῖσι 7.412
; μαζὸν ἀ., of Hecuba entreating her son Hector, 22.80; κενεὰς.. ἀνέσχε γλήνας A.R.2.254
; ἄκουε δ' ἀν' οὖς ἔχων A.Fr. 126
.

3 ἀ. φλόγα hold up a torch, esp. at weddings, E.IA 732: hence the phrase ἄνεχε, πάρεχε sc. τὸ φῶς) hold up, pass on the light in procession, Id.Tr. 308, Cyc. 203, cf. Ar.V. 1326; also ἀ. φάος σωτήριον E.Med. 482
; τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ πυρός Th.4.111
.

4 lift up, exalt, τὰ κείνων Pi.P.2.89
.

5 hold up, prop, sustain, οὐρανὸν καὶ γῆν, of Atlas, Paus.5.11.5; κίων ἀ. τὴν στέγην Oenom.
ap. Eus.PE 5.34:—[voice] Pass., γέφυρα σκάφαις ἀνεχομένη D.H.3.55
:—but more freq.,

b metaph., uphold, maintain, εὐδικίας Od.19.111
; πολέμους Th.1.141
; ὄργια ἀ. keep up the revels, Ar.Th. 948;
Βάκχης ἀνέχων λέκτρ' Ἀγαμέμνων
remaining constant to, E.Hec. 121
(v. infr. B. 3); οἰνῶπ' ἀνέχουσα κισσόν keeping constant to, haunting the ivy, S. OC 674 (s. v. l.); βαρὺν ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἔχοισα keeping up his anger, Theoc. 1.96.

6 put forth, δάφνα ἀ. πτόρθους E.Hec. 459
(lyr.).

II hold back, check, ἄνεχ' ἵππους 11.23.426
; ἀ. τὰ ὅπλα διὰ τῶν ἀνακλητικῶν D.H.9.21
; ἀ. Σικελίαν μὴ ὑπ' αὐτοὺς εἶναι keep it from being.., Th.6.86; ἑαυτὸν ἀπό τινος Plu.2.514a
:—[voice] Pass., ἀνέχεται τὰ πάθη ὑπὸ τοῦ λογισμοῦ LXX4 Ma.1.35
.

B intr., rise up, emerge, ἀνσχεθέειν.. ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς Od.5.320
; of a diver, Hdt.8.8; σκόπελοι ἐν τῷ Νείλῳ ὀξέες ἀ. Id.2.29
; ἀ. ἐς ἀέρα A.R.3.1383
.

b esp. in form ἀνίσχω, of the sun, πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα Hdt.3.98
, etc.; so λαμπὰς ἀνίσχει A.Ag.93
(lyr.); ἅμ' ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχοντι X.Cyn.6.13
, cf. Eub.119.9.

c of events, arise, happen, Hdt.5.106,7.14.

d appear, show oncself, ἄελπτον ὄμμα.. φήμης ἀνασχόν S.Tr. 204
; turn out, prove to be, μελοποιὸς ἢ τραγῳδὸς ἄριστος Eun.Hist.p.209D.

e stand up, κίονες περὶ τοίχοις A.R. 3.217
.

2 come forth, αἰχμὴ παρὰ.. ὦμον ἀνέσχεν 11.17.310
, cf. Plu. Caes.44; of a headland, jut out into the sea, Hdt.7.123, Th.1.46, etc.; ἀ. πρὸς τὸ Σικελικὸν πέλαγος Id.4.53
, cf. D.23.166; ἐς τὸν πόντον [τὴν ἄκρην] ἀνέχοντα jutting out with its headland into the sea, Hdt. 4.99 (dub. l.); reversely, κοιλάδες ἐς μεσόγαιαν ἐκ θαλάσσης ἀ. Str. 3.2.4
.

3 hold on, keep doing, c. part., ἀ. διασκοπῶν Th.7.48
; σε.. στέρξας ἀνέχει is constant in his love for thee, S.Aj. 212 (lyr., cf. supr. A.1.5b): c. dat.,
τελεταῖς
practise regularly, Eun.Hist.p.249
D.: abs., wait, ταύτῃ ἀνέχειν Th.8.94
, cf. 2.18.

4 hold up, cease, Ζεὺς οὔθ' ὕων πάντεσσ' ἁνδάνει οὔτ' ἀνέχων Thgn.26
, cf. X.HG1.6.28; dub. l. in Hp.Epid.5.20.

5 c. gen., cease from, οὐδὲ.. καμάτων ἀνέχουσι γυναῖκες S.OT 174
; τοῦ πολέμου App.Pun.75
; τοῦ φονεύειν Plu.Alex. 33
.—Hom. uses no tense intr. exc. [tense] aor.

C [voice] Med., hold up what is one's own, ὁ δ' ἀνέσχετο μείλινον ἔγχος 11.5.655
; δούρατ' ἀνασχόμενοι 11.594
, etc.: hence ἀνασχόμενος is often used abs. (sc. ἔγχος, ξίφος, etc.), πλῆξεν ἀ. 3.362
; κόψε δ' ἀ. Od.14.425
; πὺξ μάλ' ἀνασχομένω πεπληγέμεν 11.23.660
; also ἄντα δ' ἀνασχομένω χερσί ib. 686.

II hold oneself up, bear up, οὐδέ σ' ὀΐω δηρὸν ἔτ' ἀνσχήσεσθαι ib.5.285, cf.Od.11.375: [tense] aor. imper. ἀνάσχεο, = τέτλαθι, be of good courage, 11.1.586;
ἄνσχεο
be patient,
23.587
; ἀνὰ δ' ἔχευ is prob. l. for ἀνὰ δ' εὖ in Archil.6.2: in [tense] pres. part., ἀνεχόμενοι φέρουσι τὸν χειμῶνα they bear with patience, Hdt.4.28; Stoic motto ἀνέχου καὶ ἀπέχου Gell.17.19
.

2 c. acc., τοσσάδ' ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀνέσχετο κήδεα 11.18.430
; ἦ δὴ πολλὰ κάκ' ἄνσχεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν 24.518
; τὴν δουλοσύνην οὐκ ἀ. Hdt.1.169
; τὰ πρὶν κακὰ ἠνειχόμεσθα A.Ag. 905
, etc.; χαλκὸν ἀνασχέσθαι 11.4.511
, etc.: c. acc.pers., οὐ γὰρ ξείνους.. ἀνέχονται they do not suffer or bear with strangers, Od.7.32, cf. 17.13; τῶν ἵππων οὔτι ἀνεχομένων τὰς καμήλους Hdt.7.87
; τούτους ἀνάσχου δεσπότας E.Alc. 304
, cf. Eup.6 D.: c. acc. rei et gen. pers., οὐδεὶς ἂν αὐτοῦ ἀγελαστὶ ἠνέσχετο ταῦτα τὰ ἔπη Ath.5.188c
, cf. Ar.Lys. 507.

3 c. gen., dub. in Hom., δουλοσύνης ἀνέχεσθαι v.l. in Od.22.423; so ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς ἀ. Pl.Prt. 323a
, cf. D.19.16; to be content with, τοῦ ἐν σώματι κάλλους Plot.5.9.2
.

4 the dependent clause is mostly (always in Hom.) in part., οὐ μάν σε.. ἀνέξομαι ἄλγε' ἔχοντα I will not suffer thee to have.., 11.5.895; οὐ γὰρ ἀεργὸν [ὄντα] ἀνέξομαι I will not suffer one [to be].., Od.19.27; εἰ τὸν.. θανόντ' ἄθαπτον ἠνσχόμην νέκυν S.Ant. 467
; οὐκ ἀνέξεται τίκτοντας ἄλλους E.Andr. 712
; καὶ γάρ κ'.. ἀνεχοιμην ἥμενος for I would be content to sit.., Od.4.595; σοῦ κλύων ἀνέξεται A.Pers. 838
, cf. S. El. 1028, Ph. 411; ἀνάσχεσθε σιγῶσαι Id.Fr. 679
; also οὐ σῖγ' ἀνέξει; Id.Aj.75
: freq. in Prose, Hdt.1.80, 206, 5.19, al., Th.2.74, etc.; ἄποτος ἀ. Arist.HA 596a2
; also ἀ. τοῦ ἄλλα λέγοντος Pl.R. 564d
; ἀ. τῶν οἰκείων ἀμελουμένων Id.Ap. 31b
; οὐδ' ἂν ἠνέσχεσθε εἴ τις.. D. 21.170
:—also in [voice] Act., ἀνέσχηκα Phalar.Ep. 105
.

5 rarely c. inf., suffer, οὐκ ἀνέξομαι τὸ μὴ οὐ.. A.Eu. 914
; κοκκύζειν τὸν ἀλεκτρυόν' οὐκ ἀνέχονται Cratin.311
; ἀνακεκλίσθαι οὐκ ἀ. Aret.SA1.9
; ἀ. πάντα ὑπομένειν Alciphr.3.34
; σὺν ἄλλοις βιοῦν οὐκ ἀ. Ael.NA6.30
.

b dare to do, ἀνέσχοντο τὸν ἐπιόντα δέξασθαι Hdt.7.139
.

c οὐκ ἀ., c. inf., refuse to do.., POxy.903.36,al.

III rarely, hold on by one another, hang together, ἀνά τ' ἀλλήλησιν ἔχονται Od.24.8
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνέχω
7 παραβάλλω

παραβάλλω, [tense] fut. - βᾰλῶ: [tense] aor. 2 παρέβᾰλον: [tense] pf. - βέβληκα:—

A throw beside or by, throw to one, as fodder to horses, παρὰ δέ σφισι βάλλετ' ἐδωδήν Il.8.504
, cf. 5.369; πὰρ δ' ἔβαλον ζειάς Od.4.41
; π. [τοῖς ἵπποις] ἀμβροσίαν Pl.Phdr. 247e
; π. τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοῖς ὄχλοις Plb.38.17.2
; πυρὶ φρύγανα π. add fuel to the flame, Arr.Epict.2.18.5, cf. 2.18.12:— [voice] Pass., παραβληθῆναι [τοῖς θηρίοις] D.C.59.10; τάριχος.. ἀπόνως παραβεβλημένον thrown carelessly before people, Ar.Fr. 333:—[voice] Med., μάζας ἐπὶ κάλαμον παραβαλλόμενοι ordering them to be served up, Pl.R. 372b.

b throw in, φακέλους ἐς τὸ μεταξύ Th.2.77
, cf. 6.99.

2 hold out to one as a bait, X.Cyn.11.2.

3 cast in one's teeth, τινί τι Aeschin.3.189
; object, offer in rejoinder, τῷ πρώτῳ -βληθήσεται τοιοῦτος λόγος Phld.Ir.p.95
W.

II expose, παρέβαλέν τ' ἐμὲ παρὰ γένος ἀνόσιον put me in their power, Ar.Av. 333 (lyr.); τῇ τύχῃ.. αὑτὸν π. Philippid.6
(v.l. for προ-) ; ἂν δ' ἀληθινὸν σαυτὸν παραβάλλῃς if you present, show yourself.., Posidipp.26:—freq. in [voice] Med., expose oneself or what is one's own to hazard or danger, αἰὲν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν risking it in war, Il.9.322; π. τὰ τέκνα risk the lives of one's children, Hdt.7.10.
θ; παῖδας Th.2.44
; πλείω παραβαλλόμενοι having greater interests at stake, Id.3.65; οὐκ ἴσα π. X.Cyr.2.3.11
: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. in med. sense, Λακεδαιμονίοις πλεῖστον δὴ παραβεβλημένοι having risked far the most upon them, Th.5.113; also τὸν κίνδυνον τῶν σωμάτων παραβαλλομένους Id.3.14
; venture, πρὸς τὴν θάλατταν ὅταν -βάλωνται Plb.1.37.9
; π. καὶ τολμᾶν Id.18.53.2
: c. dat., π. τοῖς ὅλοις Id.2.26.6
; τῷ βίῳ IG12(3).1286.22
([place name] Astypalaea): c. inf., venture to do, Plu.Pel.8:—[voice] Pass., παραβεβλημένον τι εἰπεῖν make an unguarded statement, Philostr.VA4.42.

b in wagering, deposit one's stake, Plu.Cat.Mi.44.

2 [voice] Pass., c. dat., to be given up to, πόρναισι καὶ κύβοισι παραβεβλημένος Ar.Pl. 243
.

III set beside or parallel with, Arist.PA 668a17 ([voice] Pass.), cf. Rh. 1419b35; Εὔβοια τῇ ἠπείρῳ παραβεβλημένη lying parallel with, Str.9.1.22: hence,

2 compare one with another, Isoc.9.34, etc.; τι παρά τι Pl.Grg. 472c
; π. [ἵππον] ἵππῳ match one against another, X.Eq.9.8:—in [voice] Med., παραβάλλομαί σοι (sc. ὄρνιθι) θρήνους I set my songs against.., E.IT 1094 (lyr.): abs., παραβαλλόμεναι vying with one another, Id.Andr. 289 (lyr.); [ἀφορμὰς] αἷς οὔτε Ἁρμόδιος παραβεβλήσεται Philostr.VA5.34
:—freq. in [voice] Pass., π. τινί Hdt.4.198
; πρός τι Hp.Art.51
, X.Mem.2.4.5; παρά τι Pl.Grg. 475e
; ἀπάτα δ' ἀπάταις παραβαλλομένα one piece of treachery set against another, S.OC 231 (lyr.).

3 bring alongside, in [voice] Med., τὴν ἄκατον παραβάλλου bring your boat alongside, heave to, Ar.Eq. 762; ἐφόλκιον Plu.Pomp.73
; also π. τὼ κωπίω Ar.Ra. 269
: abs., παραβαλοῦ ib. 180: metaph., παραβάλλου λοιδορῶν avast with your abuse! Plu.2.711d.

IV throw, turn, bend sideways, ὄμμα π. θύννου δίκην cast it askance, A.Fr. 308; τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν παράβαλλ' ἐς Καρίαν Ar.Eq. 173
; τὠφθαλμὼ παραβάλλεις Id.Nu. 362
(referred to by Pl.Smp. 221b); π. τὸ ἕτερον οὖς πλάγιον X.Cyn.5.32
; π. τὰ ὦτα apply one's ears to listen, Pl.R. 531a; παραβαλὼν τὴν κεφαλήν Id.Phd. 103a
; Ἡρακλεῖ στόμα π. lend one's mouth to Heracles, i.e. join in his praise, Pi.P.9.87 (v.l. περιβ-) ; π. τοὺς γομφίους lay to one's grinders, Ar. Pax34; π. τὸ θύριον τοῦ λόγου, metaph., put to the door.., close it, Plu.2.94 of.

V deposit with one, entrust to him, τινί τι Hdt.2.154
.

VI in [voice] Med., deceive, betray, Id.1.108, Th.1.133, Alc.Com.30 ([voice] Act. in the same sense, Hsch.; cf. παραβαλλέταιρος).

VII Geom., π. παρά .. apply a figure to a finite line, παραλληλόγραμμον π. παρὰ εὐθεῖαν Euc.6.27
, cf. Archim.Aequil.2.1.

2 since to apply an area xy to a line of length x is to divide xy by x, π. = divide, τι παρά τι Dioph.5.10
, al.; cf. παρά C. 1.4c.

B intr., come near, approach, Pl.Ly. 203b, PPetr.3p.102 (iii B. C.), etc.; enter, Arist.Pol. 1331a34; π. ἀλλήλοις meet one another, Pl.R. 556c; f.l. for περιβάλῃ, ib. 499b;
παρέβαλεν Ἀναξιμένει τῷ ῥήτορι
was a pupil of A.
, Plu.2.846f.

II go by sea, cross over, παρέβαλε νηυσὶ ἰθὺ Σκιάθου Hdt.7.179
, cf. Philipp. ap. D.12.16, Arist.Mir. 836a29; of ships, ναῦς Πελοποννησίων ἐς Ἰωνίαν π. Th.3.32
.

III come alongside, bring to, περὶ Ῥόδον παραβαλόντος ναυτικοῦ στόλου Arist.GA 763a31
; παραβαλόντες τῇ πεντήρει having come alongside of her, in a sea-fight, Plb.15.2.12, cf. 1.22.9: generally, come to land, of quails, Arist.HA 597b15:—in [voice] Med., put in, πρός τινας Philostr. VA6.16
.

IV metaph., direct one's course towards, εἰς ἡδονάς Arist.EN 1153b34
.

V Astrol., to be in the same right ascension as, c. dat., Cat.Cod.Astr.1.113, 5(1).188.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραβάλλω
8 πρῶτος

πρῶτος, η, ον (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).

① pert. to being first in a sequence, inclusive of time, set (number), or space, first of several, but also when only two persons or things are involved (=πρότερος; exx. in Hdb. on J 1:15; Rdm.² 71f; Thackeray 183; s. also Mlt. 79; 245; B-D-F §62; Rob. 516; 662; and s. Mt 21:31 v.l.).

ⓐ of time first, earliest, earlier

α. as adj. ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Phil 1:5; cp. Ac 20:18 (on the absence of the art. [also Phil 1:5 v.l.] s. B-D-F §256; Rob. 793). ἡ πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16 (MMeinertz, Worauf bezieht sich die πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16?: Biblica 4, 1923, 390–94). ἡ πρ. διαθήκη Hb 9:15. τὰ πρῶτα ἔργα Rv 2:5. ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη 20:5f. ἡ πρώτη ὅρασις Hv 3, 10, 3; 3, 11, 2; 4. ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ πρ. 2 Cl 14:1.—Subst. τὰ πρ. … τὰ ἔσχατα (Job 8:7): γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων Mt 12:45; cp. Lk 11:26; 2 Pt 2:20; Hv 1, 4, 2. οἱ πρῶτοι (those who came earlier, as Artem. 2, 9 p. 93, 19 those who appeared earlier) Mt 20:10; cp. vs. 8. ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων 21:36. Cp. 27:64. πρῶτος ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν the first to rise from the dead Ac 26:23. ὁ πρῶτος the first one J 5:4; 1 Cor 14:30. On the self-designation of the Risen Lord ὁ πρ. καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος Rv 1:17; 2:8; 22:13; s. ἔσχατος 2b (πρ. of God: Is 44:6; 48:12).—As a predicate adj., where an adv. can be used in English (ParJer 1:8 εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ πρῶτος ἀνοίξω τὰς πύλας; B-D-F §243; Rob. 657), as the first one = first ἦλθεν πρῶτος he was the first one to come = he came first J 20:4; cp. vs. 8. πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει Ro 10:19. Ἀβραὰμ πρῶτος περιτομὴν δούς Abraham was the first to practice circumcision B 9:7. οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ πρῶτοι κτισθέντες the angels who were created first Hv 3, 4, 1; Hs 5, 5, 3.—1 Ti 2:13; 1J 4:19; AcPlCor 2:9.—ἐν ἐμοὶ πρώτῳ in me as the first 1 Ti 1:16.—Used w. a gen. of comparison (Ocelus Luc. 3 ἐκεῖνο πρῶτον τοῦ παντός ἐστιν=prior to the All; Manetho 1, 329; Athen. 14, 28 p. 630c codd.) πρῶτός μου ἦν he was earlier than I = before me J 1:15, 30 (PGM 13, 543 σοῦ πρῶτός εἰμι.—Also Ep. 12 of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I p. 348, 30 τὸ τῇ τάξει δεύτερον οὐδέποτε τῇ φύσει πρῶτον). So perh. also ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν 15:18 (s. β below) and πάντων πρώτη ἐκτίσθη Hv 2, 4, 1.—As a rule the later element is of the same general nature as the one that precedes it. But it can also be someth. quite different, even its exact opposite: τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12. τὴν ἀγάπην σου τὴν πρώτην ἀφῆκες Rv 2:4.—Used elliptically ἡ πρώτη (i.e. ἡμέρα sim. Polyb. 5, 19, 1; 18, 27, 2 τῇ πρώτῃ) τῶν ἀζύμων Mt 26:17. πρώτῃ σαββάτου on the first day of the week Mk 16:9. In some of the passages mentioned above the idea of sequence could be predom.

β. the neuter πρῶτον as adv., of time first, in the first place, before, earlier, to begin with (Peripl. Eryth. 4; Chariton 8, 2, 4; ApcEsdr 3:11; Just., D. 2, 4) πρῶτον πάντων first of all Hv 5:5a. ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι let me first go and bury Mt 8:21. συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια gather the weeds first 13:30. Cp. 17:10, 11 v.l.; Mk 7:27; 9:11f; 13:10; Lk 9:59, 61; 12:1 ( first Jesus speaks to his disciples, and only then [vs. 15] to the people. If one prefers to take πρ. w. what follows, as is poss., it has mng. 2a); 14:28, 31; J 7:51; 18:13; Ac 26:20; Ro 15:24 al. in NT; B 15:7; Hv 3, 1, 8; 3, 6, 7; 3, 8, 11; 5:5b. τότε πρῶτον then for the first time Ac 11:26 D. πρῶτον … καὶ τότε first … and then (Sir 11:7; Jos., Ant. 13, 187) Mt 5:24; 7:5; 12:29; Mk 3:27; Lk 6:42; IEph 7:2. τότε is correlative w. πρῶτον without καί J 2:10 v.l. Likew. πρῶτον … εἶτα (εἶτεν) first … then (Just., D. 33, 2 al.; s. εἶτα 1) Mk 4:28; 1 Ti 3:10; B 6:17. πρῶτον … ἔπειτα (ἔπειτα 2) 1 Cor 15:46; 1 Th 4:16. πρῶτον … μετὰ ταῦτα Mk 16:9, s. vs. 12. πρῶτον … εἶτα … μετὰ ταῦτα 1 Cl 23:4; 2 Cl 11:3 (in both cases the same prophetic saying of unknown origin). πρῶτον … ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ Ac 7:12.—Pleonastically πρῶτον πρὸ τοῦ ἀρίστου Lk 11:38.—W. gen. (Chariton 5, 4, 9 cod. πρῶτον τ. λόγων=before it comes to words) ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν it hated me before ( it hated) you J 15:18 (but s. 1aα).—W. the art. τὸ πρῶτον (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 402; 14, 205) the first time J 10:40; 19:39; at first (Diod S 1, 85, 2; Jos., Ant. 2, 340) 12:16; 2 Cl 9:5. τὰ πρῶτα (Hom. et al.; Appian, Syr. 15 §64; Ps.-Phoc. 8) the first time, at first MPol 8:2.

ⓑ of number or sequence (the area within which this sense is valid cannot be marked off w. certainty from the area 1aα)

α. as adj. Mt 21:28; 22:25; Mk 12:20; Lk 14:18; 16:5; 19:16; 20:29; J 19:32; Ac 12:10; 13:33 v.l.; Rv 4:7; 8:7; 21:19; Hs 9, 1, 5. τὸ πρῶτον … τὸ δεύτερον (Alex. Aphr., An. p. 28, 9 Br.) Hb 10:9. On πρώτης τῆς μερίδος Μακεδονίας πόλις Ac 16:12 s. μερίς 1 and RAscough, NTS 44, ’98, 93–103.—Since πρῶτος can stand for πρότερος (s. 1 at beg.; also Mlt-Turner 32), it by no means follows from τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον Ac 1:1 that the writer of Luke and of Ac must have planned to write a third book (Zahn, NKZ 28, 1917, 373ff, Comm. 1919, 16ff holds that he planned to write a third volume; against this view s. EGoodspeed, Introd. to the NT ’37, 189; Haenchen, et al.—Athenaeus 15, 701c mentions the first of Clearchus’ two books on proverbs with the words ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν, but 10, 457c with ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν. Diod S 1, 42, 1 the first half of a two-part work is called ἡ πρώτη βίβλος and 3, 1, 1 mentions a division into πρώτη and δευτέρα βίβ. In 13, 103, 3 the designation for the first of two works varies between ἡ πρώτη σύνταξις and ἡ προτέρα ς. See Haenchen on Ac 1:1).—πρῶτος is also used without any thought that the series must continue: τὸν πρῶτον ἰχθύν the very first fish Mt 17:27. αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο Lk 2:2, likewise, does not look forward in the direction of additional censuses, but back to a time when there were none at all (Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 227 D. παράκλησις αὕτη [=challenge to a sea-fight] πρώτη ἐγένετο; for interpolation theory s. JWinandy, RB 104, ’97, 372–77; cp. BPearson, CBQ, ’99, 262--82).—τὰ τείχη τὰ πρῶτα Hs 8, 6, 6 does not contrast the ‘first walls’ w. other walls; rather it distinguishes the only walls in the picture (Hs 8, 7, 3; 8, 8, 3) as one edifice, from the tower as the other edifice.

β. adv., the neuter πρῶτον of sequence in enumerations (not always clearly distinguished fr. sense 1aβ) first πρῶτον ἀποστόλους, δεύτερον προφήτας, τρίτον … 1 Cor 12:28 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 20 II, 10ff [II A.D.] τὸ πρ. … τὸ δεύτερον … τὸ τρίτον. Without the art. 480, 12ff [II A.D.]; Diod S 36, 7, 3; Tat. 40, 1). See Hb 7:2; Js 3:17.—Not infrequently Paul begins w. πρῶτον μέν without continuing the series, at least in form (B-D-F §447, 4; Rob. 1152. For πρ. without continuation s. Plat., Ep. 7, 337b, Plut., Mor. 87b; Jos., Ant. 1, 182; Ath. 27, 1 πρῶτα μέν) Ro 1:8; 3:2; 1 Cor 11:18. S. also 2 Cl 3:1.

ⓒ of space outer, anterior σκηνὴ ἡ πρώτη the outer tent, i.e. the holy place Hb 9:2; cp. vss. 6, 8.

② pert. to prominence, first, foremost, most important, most prominent

ⓐ adj.

α. of things (Ocellus [II B.C.] 56 Harder [1926] πρώτη κ. μεγίστη φυλακή; Ael. Aristid. 23, 43 K.=42 p. 783 D.: πόλεις; Ezk 27:22; PsSol 17:43; χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον; JosAs 15:10) ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή Mt 22:38; cp. Mk 12:29. ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων vs. 28 (OLehmann, TU 73, ’59, 557–61 [rabb.]; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, cites JosAs 15:10; 18:5). Without superl. force ἐντολὴ πρώτη ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ a commandment of great importance, with a promise attached Eph 6:2 (the usual transl. ‘first commandment w. a promise’ [NRSV, REB et al.] loses sight of the fact that Ex 20:4–6=Dt 5:8–10 has an implied promise of the same kind as the one in Ex 20:12=Dt 5:16. πρ. here is best taken in the same sense as in Mk 12:29 above). στολὴν τὴν πρώτην the special robe Lk 15:22 (JosAs 15:10).—ἐν πρώτοις among the first = most important things, i.e. as of first importance 1 Cor 15:3 (Pla., Pol. 522c ὸ̔ καὶ παντὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἀνάγκη μανθάνειν; Epict., Ench. 20; Mitt-Wilck I/2, 14 II, 9 ἐν πρώτοις ἐρωτῶ σε; Josh 9:2d).

β. of persons (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 35 πρ. καὶ μέγιστος θεός; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 18 [Stone p. 64]; ApcSed 5:2; Jos., Ant. 15, 398; Just., A I, 60, 5 al. τὸν πρῶτον θεόν) ὸ̔ς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος whoever wishes to be the first among you Mt 20:27; Mk 10:44; cp. 9:35. πρῶτος Σίμων Mt 10:2 is not meant to indicate the position of Simon in the list, since no other numbers follow, but to single him out as the most prominent of the twelve. W. gen. ὧν (=τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) πρῶτός εἰμι 1 Ti 1:15. Pl. (οἱ) πρῶτοι in contrast to (οἱ) ἔσχατοι Mt 19:30; 20:16; Mk 9:35; 10:31; Lk 13:30; Ox 654, 25f (cp. GTh 4; sim. Sallust. 9 p. 16, 21f τοῖς ἐσχάτοις … τοῖς πρώτοις; s. ἔσχατος 2).—αἱ πρώται prominent women (in the phrase γυναικῶν τε τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ὀλίγαι) Ac 17:4 (s. New Docs 1, 72). οἱ πρῶτοι the most prominent men, the leading men w. gen. of place (Jos., Ant. 7, 230 τῆς χώρας) οἱ πρ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mk 6:21; cp. Ac 13:50 (in phrasing sim. to πολλὰς μὲν γυναῖκας εὐγενεῖς καὶ τῶν πρώτων ἀνδρῶν ἤισχυναν=‘they dishonored many well-born women as well as men of high station’ Theopomp.: 115 Fgm. 121 Jac. p. 563, 33f), or of a group (Strabo 13, 2, 3 οἱ πρ. τῶν φίλων; Jos., Ant. 20, 180) οἱ πρ. τοῦ λαοῦ (Jos., Ant. 11, 141) Lk 19:47; cp. Ac 25:2; 28:17. On ὁ πρῶτος τῆς νήσου vs. 7 (πρῶτος Μελιταίων IGR I, 512=IG XIV, 601; cp. CB I/2, 642 no. 535 ὁ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ πόλει; p. 660 no. 616; SEG XLI, 1345, 14f; cp. CIL X, 7495, 1; s. Hemer, Acts 153, n. 152; Warnecke, Romfahrt 119ff) s. Πόπλιος.

ⓑ adv. πρῶτον of degree in the first place, above all, especially (Jos., Ant. 10, 213) ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν Mt 6:33. Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι Ro 1:16; cp. 2:9f.—Ac 3:26; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3. Of the Macedonian Christians ἑαυτοὺς ἔδωκαν πρῶτον τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἡμῖν they gave themselves first of all to the Lord, and (then) to us 2 Cor 8:5. παρακαλῶ πρῶτον πάντων first of all I urge 1 Ti 2:1.—B. 939. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πρῶτος
9 ἀμφί

ἀμφί, Prep. with gen., dat., acc.: (cf. Skt.

A abhitas 'on both sides', Lat. ambi-):—radic. sense, on both sides; chiefly Poet. and [dialect] Ion. Prose, replaced by περί in later Gk.

A C. GEN. (Poet., Hdt., X.):

I causal, about, for the sake of, ἀ. πίδακος μάχεσθαι fight for the possession of a spring, Il.16.285; ἀ. γυναικός Pi.P.9.105
, A.Ag.62; ἀ. λέκτρων E.Andr. 123
: like πρός, in entreaties, πρὸς Ζηνός.. Φοίβου τ' ἀ. for Phoebus' sake, A.R.2.216.

2 about, concerning, once in Hom., ἀμφ' Ἄρεος φιλότητος ἀείδειν sing of love, Od.8.267; ἀμφὶ τιμῆς h.Merc. 172
(cf. c. 4); once in Hdt., ἀμφὶ κρίσιος (as v.l. for κρίσι) μνηστήρων τοσαῦτα ἐγένετο 6.131
; more freq. in poets, ἀ. δαιμόνων Pi.O.1.35
, cf. A.Th. 1017, E.Supp. 642, etc.; prob. l. in S.Ph. 554.

II of Place, about, around, post-Hom., ἀ. ταύτης τῆς πόλιος Hdt.8.104
; τὸν ἀ. Λίμνας τρόχον E.Hipp. 1133
.

B C. DAT. (Poet., [dialect] Ion. and later Prose):

I of Place, on both sides of, ἀμφ' ὀχέεσσι Il.5.723
; ἀ. κεφαλῇ, ὤμοισιν, στήθεσσι, ποσσί, about the head, etc., ib.24.163, 3.328, Od.16.174, Il.13.36; ἄ. δέρᾳ Sapph.Supp.23.16
; ἀμφί οἱ around him, Il.12.396; μοι ἀμφ' αὐτῷ around me, 9.470; like wise ἀμφὶ περὶ στήθεσσι Od.11.609
:—all round, κρέα ἀμφ' ὀβελοῖσι μεμύκει round, i.e. upon, spits, ib.12.395; πεπαρμένη ἀμφ' ὀνύχεσσι Hes.Op. 250
.

2 more generally, at, by, ἀ. πύλῃσι μάχεσθαι at the gates, Il.12.175; ἀμφὶ [κόρυθι] διατρυφέν smashed on the helmet, 3.362; ἀ. πυρί on the fire, 18.344; ἀμφ' ἐμοί clinging to me, Od.11.423; esp. of falling over one, Il.4.493; of a guardian, over, φύλακα ἀ. σοι λείψω S.Aj. 562
; ἀ. γούνασι πίπτειν E.Alc. 947
.

II of Time, ἁλίῳ ἀ. ἑνί in compass of one day, Pi. O.13.37.

III generally, of connexion or association, without distinct notion of place, ἀ. νεκροῖσιν as concerning the dead, Il.7.408; freq. in Pi., ὅσσα δ' ἀμφ' ἀέθλοις as far as concerns games, N.2.17; ἐπ' ἔργοισιν ἀ. τε βουλαῖς in deeds and counsels, Id.P.5.119; in virtue of, ἀμφὶ σοφίᾳ 1.12
; ἐμᾷ ἀ. μαχανᾷ 8.34
; ἀμφ' ἀρετᾷ 1.80
, cf. O.8.42; σέο ἀμφὶ τρόπῳ N.1.29
; ἀ. ἰατορίᾳ in respect of healing, B.1.39.

IV causal, about, for the sake of, ἀμφ' Ἑλένῃ μάχεσθαι Il.3.70
; ἀ. γυναικὶ ἄλγεα πάσχειν ib. 157, cf. Luc.D Deor.20.14; ἀ. τοῖσδε καλχαίνων τέκνοις E.Heracl.40
, cf. Rh. 457 (lyr.); ἀ. δώλῳ μωλίειν Leg.Gort.1.17
; concerning, Od.1.48; εἰπὼν ἀμφ' Ὀδυσῆϊ 14.364
; ἀρνεύμενον ἀ. βόεσσι h.Merc. 390
; ἀ. Τειρεσίαο βουλαῖς Pi.I.7(6).8
; ἕξετ' ἀμφ' ἐμοὶ τροφήν S.OC 1614
, cf. El. 1144; ἔρις ἀ. μουσικῇ Hdt. 6.129
; ἀ. σοι A.Ag. 890
; ἀ. τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτῆς λόγος λέγεται about her death it is reported, Hdt.3.32, cf. S.Aj. 303; ἀ. βοῶν ἀγέλαις δόμον αὔξειν B.9.44
.

2 of impulses, ἀ. τάρβει, ἀ. φόβῳ for very fear, A.Ch. 547, E.Or. 825; ἀ. θυμῷ S.Fr. 565
; ἀμφ' ὀδύνῃ A.R.2.96
.

V like ἐπί, added to, πόνος ἀ. πόνῳ Simon.39
.

C C. ACC., most freq. in Prose (twice only in Th.):

I of Place, about, around, mostly with a sense of motion, ἀ. μιν φᾶρος βάλον Il.24.588
, cf. Od.10.365; ἀ. βωμίαν ἔπτηξε παστάδα E.HF 984
.

2 generally, by, on, ἀμφ' ἅλα by the sea, Il.1.409; ἀ. ῥέεθρα somewhere by the banks, 2.461; ἀ. περὶ κρήνην somewhere about the fountain, 2.305; ἀ. ἄστυ all about in the city, 11.706; Τάρταρον ἀ. μέγαν somewhere in Tartarus, h.Ap. 336, cf. A.Pr. 1029; ἀ. Εὔβοιαν B.9.34
; ἀ. Θρῄκην E.Andr. 215
; ἀ. ψάμαθον somewhere on the sand, S.Aj. 1064; ἀ. βωμόν at the altar, E.IT 705; περὶ πίδακας ἀ. Theoc. 7.142
; of motion, to the neighbourhood of, ἦλθες ἀ. Δωδώνην A.Pr. 830
.

3 of persons grouped about one, οἱ ἀ. Πρίαμον Priam and his train, Il.3.146, cf. 2.417, 445; οἱ ἀ. Ξέρξεα his army, Hdt.8.25; but οἱ ἀ. Κορινθίους, οἱ ἀ. Μεγαρέας καὶ Φλειασίους the Corinthians, Megarians, etc., and those next them, Id.9.69: hence [dialect] Att., οἱ ἀ. Πρωταγόραν the school of Protagoras or even Protagoras himself, Pl. Tht. 170c; οἱ ἀ. Εὐθύφρονα Euthyphro's friends, Cra. 399e, cf. Th.8.65; of a single person, perh. Pl.Hp.Ma. 281c; so in later Prose, as Luc.VH2.18.

4 τὰ ἀ. τι that which concerns a thing, τὰ ἀ. τὸ ἄριστον Th.7.40
; τὰ ἀ. τὴν δίαιταν domestic arrangements, X.Cyr.8.2.6.

5 causal, about, for the sake of, κλαίειν ἀ. τινα weep about or for one, Il.18.339; μνήσασθαι ἀ. τινα make mention of one, h.Hom. 7.1, cf. Terp.2, Ar.Nu. 595; κελαδέοντι φᾶμαι ἀ. Κινύραν Pi.P.2.15
, cf. I.7(6).9, A.Th. 843; ἀ. νιν γοώμενος S.Tr. 937
.

6 ἀ. τι ἔχειν to be occupied about a thing, ἀ. λιτάν' ἕξομεν A.Th. 101
; ἀ. δεῖπνον εἶχεν X.Cyr.5.5.44
, cf. 5.2.26; εἶναι ἀμφί τι 7.1.1
; ἀ. τὰν δαῖσιν Leg.Gort.5.46
.

II of Time, throughout, for, τὸν λοιπὸν ἀ. βίοτον, τὸν ὅλον ἀ. χρόνον, Pi.O.1.97, 2.30; about, at the time of, during, ἀ. Πλειάδων δύσιν A.Ag. 826
; ἀ. τὸν χειμῶνα X.Cyr.8.6.22
, etc.

2 of Number,
ἀ. τὰς δώδεκα μυριάδας
about
120
, 000, ib.1.2.15.

D POSITION. In poets ἀμφί sts. follows its case, οἱ δέ μιν ἀμφί Od.23.46
, cf. 10.218, B.17.53; φρένας ἀ. Hes.Th. 554
, Mimn.1.7; but never suffers anastrophe, Hdn.Gr.1.480.

E WITHOUT CASE, as Adv., about, around, on both or all sides, freq. in [dialect] Ep., ῥῆξεν δέ οἱ ἀ. χιτῶνα Il.13.439
; ἀ. δὲ λειμών around is meadow, Od.6.292; so ἀ. περί Il.21.10
, etc.

F IN COMPOS.:

I on both sides, ἀμφίστομος, ἀμφίαλος.

2 on all sides, ἀμφιβάλλω 1.3
, ἀμφιλαμβάνω, ἀμφιλαφής.

II causal, for the sake of, ἀμφιμάχομαι, ἀμφιτρομέω.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμφί
10 ἔρχομαι

ἔρχομαι Il.13.256, etc. ([voice] Act. ἔρχω as barbarism, Tim.Pers. 167): [tense] impf.

A ἠρχόμην Hp.Epid.7.59
, Arat.102, ([etym.] δι-) Pi.O.9.93 ; freq. in later Prose, LXXGe.48.7, Ev.Marc.1.45, Luc.Jud.Voc.4, Paus.5.8.5, etc.; in [dialect] Att. rare even in compds., ἐπ-ηρχόμην Th.4.120
(perh. fr. ἐπάρχομαι), προς- ib. 121 (perh. fr. προσάρχομαι), περι- Ar.Th. 504
cod.: from ἐλυθ- (cf. ἐλεύθω ) come [tense] fut. ἐλεύσομαι, Hom., [dialect] Ion., Trag. (A. Pr. 854, Supp. 522, S.OC 1206, Tr. 595), in [dialect] Att. Prose only in Lys.22.11, freq. later, D.H.3.15, etc.: [tense] aor., [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. ἤλῠθον Il.1.152
, Pi.P.3.99, etc., used by E. (not A. or S.) in dialogue (Rh.660,El. 598,Tr.374, cf. Neophr.1.1); but ἦλθον is more freq. even in Hom., and is the only form used in obl. moods, ἐλθέ, ἔλθω, ἔλθοιμι, ἐλθεῖν, ἐλθών; [dialect] Ep. inf. ἐλθέμεναι, -έμεν, Il.1.151, 15.146 (indic. never ἐλυθ- unaugmented unless ἐξ-ελύθη Il.5.293
has replaced ἐξ-έλυθε); [dialect] Dor. ἦνθον Epich.180
, Sophr.144, Theoc.2.118; imper. ἐνθέ Aristonous 1.9
; part. ἐνθών IG9(1).867
(Corc., vi B.C.), ([etym.] κατ-) Schwyzer 657.4 (Arc., iv B.C.); subj.
ἔνθῃ Berl.Sitzb.1927.164
([place name] Cyrene); [dialect] Lacon. ἔλσῃ, ἔλσοιμι, ἐλσών, Ar.Lys. 105, 118, 1081 ; later ἦλθα LXX2 Ki.24.7
, Ev.Matt.25.36, BGU530.11 (i A.D.), IG14.1320, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. ἤλθοσαν LXX Jo.2.22
, al., PTeb. 179 (ii B.C.), etc.; ἤλυθα IG14.1971
, Nonn.D.37.424, ([etym.] ἐπ-) AP14.44: [tense] pf. ἐλήλῠθα (not in Hom.) A.Pr. 943, etc.; sync. pl. ἐλήλῠμεν, -υτε, Cratin.235, Achae.24,43 ; [dialect] Ep. εἰλήλουθα, whence I pl. εἰλήλουθμεν Il.9.49
, Od.3.81, part. εἰληλουθώς 19.28
, 20.360 ; once ἐληλουθώς Il.15.81
, part. κατ-εληλευθυῖα Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166
([place name] Cyrene); Cret. [tense] pf. inf. ἀμφ-εληλεύθεν, v. ἀμφέρχομαι: [dialect] Boeot. [tense] pf. διεσς-είλθεικε Schwyzer 485.2
(Thesp., iii B.C.), part. κατηνθηκότι ib.657.39 (Arc., iv B.C.): [tense] plpf. ἐληλύθειν Ar.Eq. 1306
; [dialect] Ion. ἐληλύθεε Hdt.5.98
; [dialect] Ep. εἰληλούθει Il.4.520
, εἰληλούθειν Call.Fr. 532
.—In [dialect] Att. the obl. moods of [tense] pres., as well as the [tense] impf. and [tense] fut. were replaced by forms of εἶμι ibo (q.v.): in LXX and Hellenistic Greek the place of the compounds, esp. ἐξ-, εἰς-έρχομαι, is commonly taken by ἐκ-, εἰς-πορεύομαι, etc., the [tense] fut., [tense] aor., and [tense] pf. being supplied as before by ἐλυθ- ([etym.] ἐλθ-):

I start, set out, ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ..Λυκάων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε when I was setting out, Il.5.198, cf. 150 ; τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship was just starting, Od. 14.334 ; ἐς πλόον ἐρχομένοις (v.l. ἀρχ-) Pi.P.1.34.

2 walk,= περιπατέω, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων ἀνθρώπων Il.5.442
; σὲ δ' ἐρχόμενον ἐν δίκᾳ πολὺς ὄλβος ἀμφινέμεται walking in justice, Pi.P.5.14 : the two foreg. rare signfs. belong only to the [tense] pres. ἔρχομαι.

II (much more freq.) come or go (the latter esp. in [dialect] Ep. and Lyr.), ἦλθες thou art come, Od.16.461, etc.; χαίροισ' ἔρχεο go and fare thee well, Sapph.Supp.23.7, cf. Il.9.43, Od.10.320, 1.281 ; ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ.. ἐρχομένοιο 2.30
, cf. 10.267 ; πάλιν ἐλθέμεν, αὖτε εἰλήλουθα, 19.533, 549 ; οἶκον ἐλεύσεται ib. 313 ; οἴκαδε 5.220
; ἐς οἴκους A.Pers. 833
: as a hortatory exclamation, ἀλλ' ἔρχευ, λέκτρονδ' ἴομεν Od.23.254
, cf. 17.529.

III c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι to go a journey, Il.1.151 ; ἄλλην ὁδόν, ἄλλα κέλευθα ἤλθομεν Od.9.262
; τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς 3.316
: freq. in Trag., A.Pr. 962, Th. 714 (also κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδόν Pl.Lg. 707d
); νόστιμον ἐλθεῖν πόδα (v.l. δόμον) E.Alc. 1153 ; ἀγγε- λίην, ἐξεσίην ἐλθεῖν, go on an embassy, Il.11.140, Od.21.20.

2 c. acc. loci, come to, arrive at, rare in Hom., Ἀΐδαο δόμους ἔρχεαι Il. 22.483
; ἔρχεσθον κλισίην 1.322
: freq. in later Poets, Pi.P.4.52, S. Tr. 259, etc. ; traverse, ὁ ἥλιος ἔρχεται τῆς Λιβύης τὰ ἄνω Hdt.2.24
: c. acc. pers., αῐ κέν τι νέκυς (acc. pl.) ῂσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ Il.18.180
; σὲ δ', ὦ τέκνον, τόδ' ἐλήλυθεν πᾶν κράτος S.Ph. 141
(lyr.).

3 c. gen. loci, ἔρχονται πεδίοιο through or across the plain, Il.2.801 ; but also, from a place, γῆς τινος S.OC 572
.

4 c. dat. pers., come to, i.e. come to aid or relieve one, rare in Hom., Od.16.453 ; freq. later, Pi.O.1.100, Th.1.13. etc. ; ἀποροῦντι αὐτῷ ἔρχεται Προμηθεὺς ἐπισκεψόμενος τὴν νομήν Pl.Prt. 321c
; also in hostile sense, ἔρχομαί σοι Apoc.2.5
.

IV c. [tense] fut. part., to denote the object, ἔρχομαι ἔγχος οίσόμενος I go to fetch.., Il.13.256 ; ἔρχομαι ὀψομένη 14.301
: freq. in Trag., μαρτυρήσων ἦλθον A.Eu. 576
; ἐκσώσων E.Med. 1303
.

2 in Hdt. like an auxiliary Verb, ἔρχομαι ἐρέων, φράσων, I am going to tell, 1.5,3.6, al. ; σημανέων 4.99
; μηκυνέων 2.35
: rare in [dialect] Att., ἔ. κατηγορήσων, ἀποθανούμενος, Pl.Euthphr.2c, Thg. 129a ; ἔρχομαι ἐπιχειρῶν -σοι ἐπιδείξασθαι, for ἔ. σοι ἐπιδειξόμενος, Id.Phd. 100b ; οὐ τοῦτο λέξων ἔρχομαι, ὡς.. X.Ages.2.7
.

3 c. part. [tense] pres., [tense] aor., or [tense] pf., in Hom., to show the manner of moving, ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσα she came running, Il.11.715, al. ; μὴ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς lest thou come thither in full flight,10.510 ; ἦλθε φθάμενος he came first,23.779 ; κεχαρισμένος ἔλθυι Od.2.54
.

4 aor, part. ἐλθών added to Verbs, οὐ δύναμαι..μάχεσθαι ἐλθών go and fight, Il.16.521 ; κάθηρον ἐλθών come and cleanse, ib. 668 ; λέγοιμ' ἂν ἐλθών A.Supp. 928
; δρᾶ νυν τάδ' ἐλθών S.Ant. 1107
.

V of any kind of motion, ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθεῖν to rise out of the sea, Od.4.448, al. ; ἐπὶ πόντον to go over it, 2.265 ; with qualifying phrase, πόδεσσιν ἔ. to go on foot, 6.40 (but πεζὸς εἰλήλουθα have come as a foot-soldier, Il. 5.204) ; of birds, 17.755, etc. ; of ships, 15.549, Od.14.334 ; of spears or javelins, freq. in Il. ; of natural phenomena, as rivers, 5.91 ; wind and storm, 9.6, Od.12.288 ; clouds, Il.4.276,16.364 ; stars, rise, Od. 13.94 ; time, είς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ νύξ Il.14.77
, cf. 24.351 ; ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος Od.11.192
; ἔτος ἦλθε 1.16
; of events and conditions, είς ὅ κε γῆρας ἔλθῃ καὶ θάνατος 13.59
, cf. 11.135 ; of feelings, go, ἦ κέ μοι αίνὸν ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἄχος ἔλθοι Il.22.43
; ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθ' ἵμερος 24.514
; of sounds, etc., τὸν..περὶ φρένας ἤλυθ' ίωή 10.139
; Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος Od.9.362
; without φρένας, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθ' ι>ωή 17.261, cf. 16.6 ; of battle, ὁμόσ' ἦλθε μάχη Il.13.337
; of things sent or taken, ὄφρα κε δῶρα ἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι 19.191
, cf. 1.120 ; so later, esp. of danger or evil, c. dat., εἰ πάλιν ἔλθοι τῇ Ἑλλάδι κίνδυνος ὑπὸ βαρβάρων X.HG6.5.43
; ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς βέλος A.Pr. 360
; μηδ' ὑπ' ἀνάγκας γάμος ἔλθοι Id.Supp. 1032
(lyr.), cf.Pers. 436 ; of reports, commands, etc., Id.Pr. 663, Th.8.19 ; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ὡς ἦλθε τὰ γεγενημένα came to their ears, ib.96 ; τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπ' αὐτόν that which was about to happen to him, Ev.Jo.18.4 ; of property, which comes or passes to a person by bequest, conveyance, gift, etc., τὰ ἐληλυθότα εἴς με ἀπὸ κληρονομίας BGU919.7
(ii A. D.) ; ἐ. εἴς τινα ἀπὸ παραχωρήσεως, κατὰ δωρεάν, PLond.3.1164e6 (iii A. D.), PMasp.96.22 (vi A. D.) : —Geom., pass, fall, ἔ. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ σαμεῖον pass through the same point, Archim.Aequil.1.15 ; ὅπου ἂν ἔρχηται τὸ ἕτερον σαμεῖον wherever the other point falls, ib.2.10.

BPost-Homeric phrases:

1 ἐς λόγους ἔρχεσθαί τινι come to speech with, Hdt.6.86.α', S.OC 1164 codd. ; so ἐς ὄψιν τινὶ ἐλθεῖν Hdt. 3.42
.

2 εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τινι (v. χείρ) ; so ἐς μάχην ἐλθεῖν τινι Id.7.9
.
γ ; είς ὸργάς τισιν Pl.R. 572a
.

3 ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔ. increase, S.Ph. 259 ; ἐπὶ μηδέν Id.Fr.871.8
,El. 1000 ; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν try everything, X.An.3.1.18.

4 ἐς τὸ δεινόν, ἐς τὰ ἀλγεινὰ ἐλθεῖν, come into danger, etc., Th.3.45,2.39 ; είς τοσοῦτον αίσχύνης ἐληλύθατον ὥστε.. Pl.Grg. 487b
, etc. ; εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον ἀδικίας Id.R. 361d
; ἐπ' ἔσχατον ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Id Phdr. 240d ; ὅσοι ἐνταῦθα ἦλθον ἡλικίας arrived at that time of life, Id.R. 329b ; ἐς ἀσθενὲς ἔ. come to an impotent conclusion, Hdt.1.120 ; ἐς ἀριθμὸν ἐλθεῖν to be numbered, Th.2.72 ; εἰς ἔρωτά τινος ἐλθεῖν Anaxil.21.6
; εἰς ἔλεγχον Philem.93.3
, etc. ; εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθεῖν come to oneself, Ev.Luc.15.17, Arr.Epict.3.1.15.

5 παρὰ μικρὸν ἐλθεῖν c. inf., come within a little of, be near a thing, E. Heracl. 296 (anap.) ; παρ' ὀλίγον ἐλθεῖν Plu.Pyrrh.10
; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἡ Μυτιλήνη ἦλθε κινδύνου so narrow was her escape, Th.3.49 ; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14
; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθ. ἀπολέσθαι Plu. Cam.8
.

6 with διά and gen., periphr. for a Verb, e.g. διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἐλθεῖν for μάχεσθαί τινι Hdt.6.9
, E.Hel. 978, Th.4.92 ; διὰ πυρὸς ἐλθεῖν τινι rage furiously against.., E.Andr. 488 (lyr.) ; but οί διὰ πάντων τῶν καλῶν ἐληλυθότες who have gone through the whole circle of duties, have fulfilled them all, X.Cyr.1.2.15 ; διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες Pl.Alc.2.142a
.

7 ἔ. παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα, παρὰ Ἀρίστωνα, of sexual intercourse, go in to her, to him, Hdt.2.115,6.68 ; πρός τινα, of marriage, X.Oec.7.5.

8 ἔ. ἐπὶ πόλιν
attack, Th.2.11
.

9 ἔ. ἐς depend upon or be concerned with, τό γ' εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐλθόν Aristid. 1.149
J. ; τοῖς λογισμοῖς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐρχόμενοι D.S.13.95
; ὅσα εἰς ἀρετὴν ἔρχεται Lib.Or.22.18
; τῶν πραττομένων οὐκ όλίγον εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἤρχετο ib.14.31.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔρχομαι
11 διέκπλοος

διέκ-πλοος, [var] contr. [full] διέκπλους, ὁ,

A passage, τῶν βραχέων through the shallows, Hdt.4.179; δ. ὑπόφαυσιν καταλιπεῖν Id.7.36
, cf. Pl. Criti. 115e.

II breaking the enemy's line in a sea-fight, δ. ποιεύμενος Hdt.6.12
, cf. Th.1.49, 7.36.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διέκπλοος
12 ἀναπαύω

ἀνα-παύω, poet. and [dialect] Ion. [pref] ἀμπ-, [tense] fut. [voice] Med. ἀναπαύσομαι: [tense] aor. ἀνεπαυσάμην [dialect] Att. and Hellenistic (but

A ἀνεπαύθημεν LXX La.5.5
): later, [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἀναπάη IG14.158
: [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. ἀναπαήσομαι v.l. Apoc.14.13, al.: [tense] pres. [voice] Med. ἀναπάεται IG14.1717
, cf. PTeb. 264:—make to cease, stop or hinder from a thing, χειμῶνος.. ὅς ῥά τε ἔργων ἀνθρώπους ἀνέπαυσεν Il.17.550
; ἀ. τινὰ τοῦ πλάνου give him rest from wandering, S.OC 1113; τοὺς λειτουργοῦντας ἀ. (sc. τῶν ἀναλωμάτων) to relieve them from.., D.42.25, cf. 42.

2 c. acc. only, put an end to, βοήν S.Tr. 1262
; more freq. rest, make to halt, ἀ. στράτευμα X.Cyr.7.1.4
; κατὰ μέρος τοὺς ναύτας ἀ. Id.HG6.2.29
; κάματον ἵππων ἀ. A.Fr. 192
(lyr.); σῶμα E.Hipp. 1353
; εἴδωλον ἀ. ἐπὶ ἅμαξαν lay it in a reposing posture, Ael.VH12.64, cf. NA7.29: abs.,
ἀνάπαυσον
give me rest, Luc.Tyr.21
.

3 bring to a close, τὸν λόγον Hermog.Id.1.8
.

4 rarely intr. in sense of [voice] Med., take rest, ἀναπαύοντες ἐν τῷ μέρει Th.4.11
; ἡσυχίαν εἶχε καὶ ἀνέπαυεν X.HG 5.1.21
.

5 of land, cause to lie fallow, PSI400.10 (iii B. C.), PTeb. 105.3 (ii B. C.).

II in [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., take rest, ἀναπαύου κακῶν take rest from.., Cratin.297; ἀπὸ ναυμαχίας ἀ. rest after a sea-fight, Th.7.73; ἐκ μακρᾶς ὁδοῦ Pl.Criti. 106a
; ἀπ' ἄγρας κεκμακὼς ἀμπαύσεται [Πάν] Theoc.1.17; esp. of troops, halt, rest, X.Cyr.2.4.3, etc.; ἀναπεπ. τῶν εἰσφορῶν to be relieved from.., Isoc.8.20.

2 abs., take one's rest, sleep, Hdt.1.12, 2.95, al., E.Hipp. 211, v.l. in Ar.Pl. 695, cf. Lys. 13.12, etc.

b of land, lie fallow, Pi.N.6.11.

c of the dead, ἀμπ. σὺν φιλίῃ ξυνῶς ἀλόχῳ Epigr.Gr.520.5
([place name] Thessalonica); ὧδε ἀναπάεται IG14.1717
, cf. Call.Epigr.15.1; ἀ. τοῦ βίου Heraclit. All.68
, Hdn.3.15.2; ἀ. alone, die, Id.1.4.7, cf. Plu.2.110f; ἀ. τὸν βίον POxy.1121.12
(iii A. D.).

d regain strength, dub. l. in X.Cyr. 6 1.11.

3 rest or settle upon an object,
τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ἀναπαύεται
1 Ep.Petr.
4.14
, cf. LXXIs.11.2; of shadows, Iamb.Comm. Math.8.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀναπαύω
13 ἐνίημι

ἐν-ίημι, ἐνίησι, imp. ἐνίετε, fut. ἐνήσω, aor. ἐνῆκα, ἐνέηκε, part. fem. ἐνεῖσα: let go in or into, let in; of sending men into battle to fight, Il. 14.131; throwing fire upon, setting fire to, ships, Il. 12.441; launching a ship in the sea, Od. 2.295; often w. dat., νηυσίν, πόντῳ, rarely ἔν τινι; metaph., of inspiring feelings, θάρσος τινὶ ἐν στήθεσσιν, Il. 17.570; filling one with any sentiment, τινὶ ἀναλκίδα θῦμόν, Il. 16.656; κότον, Il. 16.449; μένος, Od. 13.387; plunging in troubles, πόνοισι, Il. 10.89; leading to concord, ὁμοφροσύνῃσιν, Il. 15.198.

A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἐνίημι
14 λανθάνω

λανθάνω, Pi.Fr.75.13, etc.:—also [full] λήθω (which is the form of the [voice] Act. generally used in compds., δια-λανθάνω being the sole exception), Il.23.323, S.OT 1325 (lyr.), X.Smp.4.48; [dialect] Dor. [full] λάθω [pron. full] [ᾱ] S.El. 222 (lyr.); inf.

A λᾱθέμεν Pi.O.1.64
: [tense] impf. ἐλάνθανον Il.13.721
, etc.; ἔληθον Od.19.151
, S.El. 1359; [dialect] Ep. λῆθον Il.15.461
; [dialect] Ion. λήθεσκεν 24.13
: [tense] fut. λήσω Od.11.102
, Ar.Ec.98, etc.; [dialect] Aeol.inf. λᾱσην Alc.Supp.22.8
; [dialect] Dor. λᾱσῶ Theoc.14.9
, al., so (in late writers) λήσομαι, v. infr. c. 11: [tense] aor. 1 ἔλησα Nic.Al. 280
(but Hom. has ἐπ-έλησα, Alc. ἐξ-έλᾱσα, in causal sense): [tense] aor. 2 ἔλᾰθον Il.17.676
, etc. (for λέλᾰθον, v. infr. B): [tense] pf. λέληθα Semon.7.9
, Sol.13.27; [dialect] Aeol.part.
λελᾱθων Alc.Supp.26.8
: [tense] plpf. ἐλελήθειν, [dialect] Att. - ήθη, Th.8.33, Ar.Eq. 822, Nu. 380, Luc.Pr.Im. 15; [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3sg. ἐλελήθεε Hdt.6.79
.

B causal [full] ληθάνω, [tense] aor. 2 λέλᾰθον, v. infr. B.

C [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., λανθάνομαι Arist.Po. 1455a25
(s.v.l.), λήθομαι Il.11.790
, A.Ag.39; [dialect] Dor. λάθομαι [ᾱ] Pi.O.8.72: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. λανθανόμην Od.12.227
: [tense] fut. λήσομαι 1.308
; [dialect] Dor. λᾱσεῦμαι Theoc.4.39
, also λελήσομαι E.Alc. 198
: [tense] aor. 1 ἐλησάμην or λησάμην only in late [dialect] Ep., Maiist.47, Mosch.3.62 ([dialect] Dor. λᾱς-), Q.S.3.99, etc.; also ἐλήσθην, [dialect] Dor. inf. λασθῆμεν Theoc.2.46
, cf. διαλανθάνω: [tense] aor. 2 ἐλᾰθόμην, [dialect] Ep. λαθ-, Il.13.835, E.Hipp. 289: rare in Prose exc. in compds., Plu.Caes.38; also [dialect] Ep. redupl. λελάθοντο, etc., v. infr. c: [tense] pf. λέλησμαι S.El. 342
, Pl.Phdr. 252a; [dialect] Ep. λέλασμαι, part. λελασμένος, etc.; cf. ἐπιλήθω.

A in most of the act. tenses, escape notice (freq. joined with a neg.):—Constr.:

1 c. acc. pers. only, escape his notice, λάθε δ' Ἕκτορα Il.22.277
; οὐδέ σε λήσει 23.326
; οὐ λῆθε Διὸς πυκινὸν νόον 15.461
, cf. Od.11.102, al.; [τοῦτον] οὐκ ἔστι λαθεῖν ὄμματα φωτός A.Ag. 796
(anap.); οὐ λάθει μ' ὀργά S.El. 222
(lyr.), cf. Ph. 207 (lyr.); τουτί μ' ἐλελήθειν Ar.Nu. 380
; εἰ λανθάνει σε perhaps you don't know, Men. Sam.78: impers., λεληθέναι οὐ θαυμάζω τὸ πλῆθος περὶ τούτου it escaped the notice of the people, X.Hier.2.5; σὲ δὲ λέληθεν περὶ τοῦτο ὡς .. Pl. Lg. 903c.

2 most freq. with a part. added, in which case we usually translate the part. by a Verb, and express λανθάνω by an Adv., unawares, without being observed; either,

a c. acc. pers., ἄλλον τινὰ λήθω μαρνάμενος I am unseen by others while fighting, i.e. 1 fight unseen by them, Il.13.273; πάντας ἐλάνθανε δάκρυα λείβων Od.8.93
, cf. 12.17, 220, 19.88, al., Pi.O.1.64, 6.36, Hdt.8.25: freq. in Trag. and [dialect] Att., μὴ λάθῃ με προσπεσών lest he come on unseen by me, S.Ph.46, cf. 156 (lyr.); ὅπως μὴ λήσουσιν αὐτοὺς αἱ νῆες.. ἀφορμηθεῖσαι should put to sea without their observing them, Th.8.10; or,

b without an acc., φονέα ἐλάνθανε βόσκων he maintained the murderer unawares, Hdt.1.44; λέληθας ἐχθρὸς ὤν S.OT 415
; δουλεύων λέληθας Ar.V. 517
; συνέβη δὲ ὑπερημέρῳ γενομένῳ λαθεῖν D.21.89
: the reflex. Pron. may be supplied and is sts. added, λέληθεν αὑτὸν τοῖς ξυνοῦσιν ὢν βαρύς S.Fr. 103
; ἕως σαυτὸν λάθοις διαρραγείς Ar. Pax32
, cf. Nu. 242, X.An.6.3.22: sts., however, a different object must be supplied from the context, βάλλοντες ἐλάνθανον (not ἑαυτούς, but Τρῶας) Il. 13.721; ἐλάνθανε [πάντας] ἔχων Hdt.8.5
; μὴ διαφθαρεὶς λάθῃ [τινὰ ὁ βίος] S.Ph. 506; μὴ λάθῃ [ἡμᾶς] φύγδα βάς A.Eu. 256
(lyr.), cf. Th. 4.133, etc.—In a few examples this constr. is reversed, and λαθών is put in the part., as in our idiom, ἀπὸ τείχεος ἆλτο λαθών (for ἔλαθεν ἁλόμενος) Il.12.390; ἣ.. λήθουσά μ' ἐξέπινες S.Ant. 532
.

3 rarely c. acc. et inf., μή σε λαθέτω ὑπερτιθέμεν let it not escape thee to.., i.e. forget not to.., Pi.P.5.23; ἔλαθεν αὐτὸν σύνθημα δοῦναι Plu.Arist. 17
; σφᾶς λέληθε Θεόδωρον εἶναι it has been unnoticed that it was.., Paus.9.41.1.

4 folld. by a relat. clause, οὐδέ με λήθεις, ὅττι θεῶν τίς σ' ἦγε thou escapest me not, it is not unknown to me, that some god led thee, Il.24.563; οὐδέ ἑ λήθει, ὅππως .. 23.323; ἐδόκεες θεοὺς λήσειν οἷα ἐμηχανῶ thou thought'st to escape the gods' notice in.., Hdt.8.106; οὔκουν με.. οἷα πράττεις λανθάνει Ar.Eq. 465
; οὐ λανθάνεις με, ὅτι .. X.Mem.3.5.24, cf. Smp.3.6, 13; ὁ γείτων λ. τινὰ οὐ μόνον ὅτι πράττει, ἀλλ' εἰ .. Pl.Tht. 174b.

5 abs., escape notice or detection, S.Tr. 455, Th.1.37, 69, al.; λάθε βιώσας Epicur.Fr. 551
; λανθάνει τὸ οὖρον προσπῖπτον Hp.Coac. 464
.

B causal, make one forget a thing, c. gen. rei, in compds. ἐκληθάνω, ἐπι-λήθω; the simple Verb only in [dialect] Ep. redupl. [tense] aor. 2, ὄφρα.. λελάθῃ ὀδυνάων that.. he may cause him to forget his pains, Il.15.60; πόλιν λελάθοιτε συντυχιᾶν Lyr.Adesp.140.9
: but

II in late [dialect] Ep., λέλαθον, = ἔλαθον, escaped notice of, ἑὸν νόον, τοκῆας, A.R.2.226, 3.779, cf. Orph.A. 876.

C [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., let a thing escape one, forget,

1 forget simply, in [tense] pres. (abs.), σὺ δὲ λήθεαι Il.11.790
: c. gen., Κίρκης μὲν ἐφημοσύνης.. λανθανόμην Od.12.227
, cf. Pi.O.8.72; οὔ ποτε λήσομαι αὐτῶν Od.1.308
; ἄλγος, οὗ ποτ' οὐ λελήσεται E.Alc. 198
: mostly in [tense] aor. 2, ἀλκῆς λαθέσθαι A.Supp. 731
; νόστου τε λαθέσθαι Od.9.97
; πῶς ἂν.. Ὀδυσῆος.. λαθοίμην; 1.65: also in redupl. [tense] aor., οὐδὲ σέθεν.. θεοὶ μάκαρες λελάθοντο Il.4.127
; μή τίς μοι ἀπειλάων λελαθέσθω 16.200
; οὐ δυνάμην λελαθέσθ' Ἄτης 19.136
(but in Hes.Th. 471 like the [voice] Act., ὅπως λελάθοιτο τεκοῦσα that she might bear unknown): so in [tense] pf., τῶν δὲ λέλασται Il.5.834
; ἐμεῖο λελασμένος 23.69
; κείνου λελῆσθαι S. El. 342
, etc.; ἑταίρων πάντων λέλησται Pl.Phdr. 252a
: with a relat. clause, λελασμένος ὅσσ' ἐπεπόνθει Od.13.92
: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, once in S., οὐδέ ποτε λησόμενον οἷον ἔφυ κακόν never will be forgotten, El.1249 (lyr.); cf. ἐπιλανθάνω.

2 forget purposely, pass over, ἢ λάθετ' ἢ οὐκ ἐνόησεν either he chose to forget it.., Il.9.537; μαθοῦσιν αὐδῶ, κοὐ μαθοῦσι λήθομαι A.Ag.39
.

II in later writers [tense] fut. [voice] Med. is used like [voice] Act., escape notice, ἡμᾶς Arist.APr. 66a31
, cf. A.R.3.737, Luc.Sacr.14: abs., Alciphr.3.52

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λανθάνω
15 μάχομαι

μάχομαι

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `do battle' (Il.).

Other forms: ep. also μαχέομαι ( μαχειόμενος, μαχεούμενον metr. lengthening), aor. μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), μαχήσασθαι (D. S., Paus.), μαχεσθῆναι (Plu., Paus.), fut. μαχήσομαι (ep. Ion.), μαχέσ(σ)ομαι (Ion. a. late), μαχέομαι (Β 366), μαχοῦμαι (Att.; μαχεῖται Υ 26), perf. μεμάχημαι (Att.),

Compounds: Often with prefix, e.g. δια-, συν-, ἀπο- (on ἀμφι μάχομαι Bolling AmJPh 81, 77ff.). As s. member in synthetic paroxytona like μονο-μάχ-ος `battling alone' (A., E.), m. `gladiator' (Str.), with μονομαχ-έω, - ία etc., ναυ-μάχ-ος `battling on sea' (AP; but ναύ-μαχος from μάχη, s. below).

Derivatives: μάχη `battle' (Il.; on the meaning etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 233, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 135 f.); as 2. member e.g. in ἄ-, πρό-, σύμ-, ναύ-, ἱππό-μαχος with derivv. like προμαχ-ίζω, συμμαχ-έω, ναυμαχ-έω, - ία. Derivv. 1. μαχη-τής m. `battler' (Hom., LXX), Dor. μαχατάς (P.; H. μαχάταρ ἀντίπαλος), Aeol. μαχαίτας (Alk. Z 27, 5; hyperaeol.?), also derived from μάχομαι; Trümpy 128. 2. μάχ-ιμος `warlike, soldier of an Egyptian tribe' (IA.; after ἄλκιμος, Arbenz 42) with μαχιμικός `after the μάχιμοι' (pap.). 3. Μαχάων m. PN (Aeol. ep.), Ion. - έων, with Dor. Μαχαν-ίδας (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 207f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 228). -- From μάχομαι also μαχ-ήμων `martial' (Μ 247, AP) and μαχ-ητός `controllable' (μ 119; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 14), ἀ-, περι-μάχ-ητος (Att.), μαχ-ητικός `prepared to fight' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 137); cf. μαχ-ήσομαι, με-μάχ-ημαι and Fraenkel 2, 79. -- Can be connected both with the noun as with the verb: -μάχᾱς, e.g. ἀπειρο-μάχᾱς `unexperienced in battle' (Pi.), λεοντο-μάχᾱς `fighting with a lion' (Theoc.); cf. Schwyzer 451.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)

Etymology: Beside the thematic root-present μάχομαι there is the isolated by-form μαχέομαι, prob. rather after μαχήσομαι (cf. below) than as denominative of μάχη (cf. Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 351). With μαχήσομαι: ἐμαχό-μην compare cases like ἀπ-εχθήσομαι: ἀπ-εχθόμην, μαθήσομαι: ἔμαθον, γενήσομαι: ἐγενόμην (Schwyzer 782). One is therefore prepared to see in ἐμαχόμην (to which μάχομαι was made) an original aorist, with which would agree, that the aorist in Hom. "auffallend selten gebraucht ist" (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 260 n. 333). When μαχεσθαι was reinterpreted as present a new aorist (after κοτέσσασθαι a. o.) μαχέσ-(σ)ασθαι would have arisen. After the type τελέσ(σ)αι: fut. τελῶ arose to μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι the new fut. μαχοῦμαι. -- In the field of fighting and battle old inherited expressions are hardly to be expected. The connection with a supposed Iran. PN * ha-mazan- prop. *"warrior" in Άμαζών (s. v.), with which also ἁμαζακάραν πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι, ἁμαζανίδες αἱ μηλέαι H. is as original as uncertain. Within Greek it is formally possible, to connect μάχομαι with μάχαιρα and further with μῆχαρ, μηχανή (Fick BB 26, 230), which Chantr. rightly calls improbable; cf. esp. χειρο-μάχα f. (scil. ἑταιρεία) name of the workers party in Miletos after Plu. 2, 298 c; new attempt, to find a semantic basis for the connection in Trümpy 127 f. Diff. proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. mactus, mactō. - The isolated root will rather be Pre-Greek.

Page in Frisk: 2,187-188

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάχομαι
16 παλαίω

παλαίω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wrestle, to insist on wrestling' (Il.).

Other forms: Aeol. - αιμι, Boeot. - ήω (Hdn. Gr.). Aor. - αῖσαι, - αισθῆναι, fut. - αίσω.

Compounds: Also with προσ-, κατα-, συν-.

Derivatives: 1. Παλαίμων, - ονος m. "wrestler", only as name of a sea-god and surn. of Heracles (E., Call., Lyc., inscr.); from the unattested appellative παλαι-μον-έω = παλαίω (Pi.) and παλαι(σ)μο-σύνη f. `art of wrestling' (Hom., Simon., Wyss - σύνη 24; perh. with anal. -( σ)μο- directly from παλαίω after Porzig Satzinhalte 223). 2. πάλαι-σμα n. `wrestling, bout in wrestling, trick' (IA.), 3. - σις f. `prize fight' (Ptol.); 4. - στής m. `wrestler', fighter' (θ 246) with - στικός `belonging to wrestling, to the wrestler' (Arist.); 5. -στρᾱ f. `wrestling school, gymnasium, arena' (IA.) with - στρίδιον, - στρίτης, - στρικός, - στριαῖος. -- On itself stands πάλη f. `wrestling, wrestling match' (Il.) as backformation (Schwyzer 421 n. 3) with ἀντί-παλος m. `opponent, coequal' (Pi., IA.), δυσ-παλής `hard to battle' (Pi.; with transition to the σ-stems) a.o.; thus διαπάλ-η f. (Pln.) from δια-παλαίω (Ar., Ph.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: If παλαίω can be compared with κεραίω (: κερά-σαι), λαγαίω (: λαγάσαι) a.o. (Schwyzer 676), the non-pres. tempora must have been second. formed; παίω, which is itself unclear, and the by Schw. l.c. adduced monosyll. present-stems are no help. Etymol. unclear; cf. on πάλλω and πέλομαι, also πελεμίζω. -- Older attempts in Bq.

Page in Frisk: 2,465-466

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παλαίω
17 ναυμαχέω

ναυμᾰχ-έω,

A fight by sea, Hdt.7.143, al.; τινι with one, Id.2.161; ἐναντία τῇ πόλει And.1.101
; πρός τινας X.HG2.1.14
; περὶ πατρίδος Hdt.8.57
; ν. τὴν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν, i.e. to be in the battle of Arginusae (v. κρέας 2
), Ar.Ra. 191; μὰ τοὺς ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχήσαντας D.18.208
, cf. Pl.Mx. 241b, 241d.

2 metaph., do battle with, κακοῖς τοσούτοις Ar.V. 479
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ναυμαχέω

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